The Ultimate Review Party

All the flashcards made by Njusy K.

http://www.flashcardmachine.com/machine/?read_only=2427969&p=6q7c

Last Review before Tuesday

Love, Drew

Blood: Part II

This site explains blood comprehensively and all of its components.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Blood.html

But this is not on the practical.  So I'm out.

Bone and practice practicals

Texture of Bone is classified as:

   Compact Bone

   Spongy Bone
                                     



Size and Shape (not so Histological)

Age:

   woven (immature)

   lamellar (mature)
                                       

Mode of Formation:

   endochondral (growth in length)

                                       

   intramembranous (one step, growth in diameter)

Classic Ground Bone Slide:

                                     

Bone Remodeling Cycle:

Periosteum: (Can you tell the difference between bone and cartilage with H&E?)

**Practice Practicals**
http://www89.homepage.villanova.edu/angelo.milicia/Anatomy/Practical%20Review%20Guide%20-%20Histology.pdf

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/addons/mcqquiz.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/practical/comprehensive1/comprehensive1.htm



Decalcify bone with vinegar.  Put a chicken bone in vinegar for a week.  Remove.  All that remains will be a rubbery cartilage like substance.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j_cOsgRY7w

Cartillage

Slides (17, 18 , 19, 14)

With cartilage, there are chondroblasts (cells that lay down the matrix) and chondrocytes (cells that are trapped in the matrix).  Red pill or blue pill.  Lacuna are the spaces where cells reside within this matrix.  Isogenous groups or pairs are areas where we can identify progenitors from a single cell.  Remeber 'cyte' versus 'blast'.

I have added a picture of bone to show that the nomenclature will continue and that the processes are very related.  This ideas of cells in a matrix are important ideas for understanding connective tissue.

This is for those interested in diseases of cartilage. 

Connective Tissue

Slides: (16, 36, 22, 23, 35, 21)





Cells, extracellular fibers, and ground substance
<-  Umbilical Cord













Bone, Cartilage, and Blood, and Connective Tissue Proper
Derived from Mesenchyme

Fibroblasts...the most common cells in the body:  *Note the histiocyte, a phagocytic monocyte

Two kinds of connective tissue below:

Blood Continued:

     Mast Cell (metachromatic staining, very granulated, produces SRS-A, ECF-A, histamine):

     Macrophage (Not as well define as monocyte progenitor) :

     Plasma Cell (negative staining Golgi, making antibody):

                                      

Collagen:

Reticular Fibers:

Elastic Fibers (agyrophilic...they love silver):

Review on Ground Substance:

http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/tissue_types/connective/connective_groundS.php 

Dense Regular CT:

Dense Irregular CT:

Loose CT:

                                       

Adipose:

Stains of Note:

CT Fibers (Masson's Trichrome, VanGieson's, PAS, Silver) Adipose (Sudan Black, Oil Red O, Osmium Tetroxide)

Glands Continued

If it walks like a duct and acts like a duct, it's probably a gland
-apologies

Microscope review:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-w98KA8UqU
http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/mjvl/biology/microscope/microscope.htm
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/microscope_use.html



Slides ( 72, 11, 12, 69, 62, 44, 45, 65)

*General Hints and Tips:
Never, ever, ever, ever ever come to this class without at least having skimmed the reading.  There are too many new terms that are extremely important for discerning structures that you will never have time to learn on the fly.  But a simple review or reading before the lecture allows for the most use of your microscope time.  In addition, ducts and glands were the hardest section on the practical for me.  There is a lot of information packed into the very early section and it will be beneficial later on when we move to organs.  Finally, for those die hard histologists, knowing the stains and what they stain for can be vital in terms of identification.*

Artifacts revisited:
http://afs-fhs.org/continuing-ed/Histology-Module-1.2.pdf




Merocrine- No cytoplasm lost, exocytosis
Apoocrine- Some cytoplasm lost, plasma membrane buds
Holocrine- Whole cell lost

See link below:
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/glands.html

Note** alveolar and acinar morphologies are the same.

And a demilune example:

Hair:

Sweat gland:

Know your compound glands!!

Epithelia and Glands

Epithelia slide # 1, 2, 45, 82, 61, 84, 97

Next Week's Glands slide # 11, 12, 69, 44, 45, 65

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htm

Students should start to get used to referring to tissue as either epithelial, connective (a weird category), muscle, or nervous.

With epithelia, know how to identify simple versus stratified or pseudo-stratified.  Also be able to identify squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cell types.

http://antranik.org/eight-types-of-epithelial-tissue/

Always identify epithelia based on the free surface (away from basement membrane).

Simple squamous epithelia under light microscopy are identified by a layer of flat nuclei:

Cell Adhesion (holding an epithelia, or other tissue types together)

Note* Gap Junction = Nexus

Key words:

Basal lamina is usually seen in electron microscopy.

Basememnt membrane is associated with light microscopy.

Both are the extracellular lining to which epithelial cells adhere, and from which epithelial tissues grow.  These terms are often used interchangeably, though they technically denote two different entities.  Remember the previous references to histological artifacts.**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_reaction