The Ultimate Review Party

All the flashcards made by Njusy K.

http://www.flashcardmachine.com/machine/?read_only=2427969&p=6q7c

Last Review before Tuesday

Love, Drew

Blood: Part II

This site explains blood comprehensively and all of its components.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Blood.html

But this is not on the practical.  So I'm out.

Bone and practice practicals

Texture of Bone is classified as:

   Compact Bone

   Spongy Bone
                                     



Size and Shape (not so Histological)

Age:

   woven (immature)

   lamellar (mature)
                                       

Mode of Formation:

   endochondral (growth in length)

                                       

   intramembranous (one step, growth in diameter)

Classic Ground Bone Slide:

                                     

Bone Remodeling Cycle:

Periosteum: (Can you tell the difference between bone and cartilage with H&E?)

**Practice Practicals**
http://www89.homepage.villanova.edu/angelo.milicia/Anatomy/Practical%20Review%20Guide%20-%20Histology.pdf

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/addons/mcqquiz.htm

http://www.histology-world.com/practical/comprehensive1/comprehensive1.htm



Decalcify bone with vinegar.  Put a chicken bone in vinegar for a week.  Remove.  All that remains will be a rubbery cartilage like substance.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j_cOsgRY7w

Cartillage

Slides (17, 18 , 19, 14)

With cartilage, there are chondroblasts (cells that lay down the matrix) and chondrocytes (cells that are trapped in the matrix).  Red pill or blue pill.  Lacuna are the spaces where cells reside within this matrix.  Isogenous groups or pairs are areas where we can identify progenitors from a single cell.  Remeber 'cyte' versus 'blast'.

I have added a picture of bone to show that the nomenclature will continue and that the processes are very related.  This ideas of cells in a matrix are important ideas for understanding connective tissue.

This is for those interested in diseases of cartilage. 

Connective Tissue

Slides: (16, 36, 22, 23, 35, 21)





Cells, extracellular fibers, and ground substance
<-  Umbilical Cord













Bone, Cartilage, and Blood, and Connective Tissue Proper
Derived from Mesenchyme

Fibroblasts...the most common cells in the body:  *Note the histiocyte, a phagocytic monocyte

Two kinds of connective tissue below:

Blood Continued:

     Mast Cell (metachromatic staining, very granulated, produces SRS-A, ECF-A, histamine):

     Macrophage (Not as well define as monocyte progenitor) :

     Plasma Cell (negative staining Golgi, making antibody):

                                      

Collagen:

Reticular Fibers:

Elastic Fibers (agyrophilic...they love silver):

Review on Ground Substance:

http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/tissue_types/connective/connective_groundS.php 

Dense Regular CT:

Dense Irregular CT:

Loose CT:

                                       

Adipose:

Stains of Note:

CT Fibers (Masson's Trichrome, VanGieson's, PAS, Silver) Adipose (Sudan Black, Oil Red O, Osmium Tetroxide)

Glands Continued

If it walks like a duct and acts like a duct, it's probably a gland
-apologies

Microscope review:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-w98KA8UqU
http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/mjvl/biology/microscope/microscope.htm
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/microscope_use.html



Slides ( 72, 11, 12, 69, 62, 44, 45, 65)

*General Hints and Tips:
Never, ever, ever, ever ever come to this class without at least having skimmed the reading.  There are too many new terms that are extremely important for discerning structures that you will never have time to learn on the fly.  But a simple review or reading before the lecture allows for the most use of your microscope time.  In addition, ducts and glands were the hardest section on the practical for me.  There is a lot of information packed into the very early section and it will be beneficial later on when we move to organs.  Finally, for those die hard histologists, knowing the stains and what they stain for can be vital in terms of identification.*

Artifacts revisited:
http://afs-fhs.org/continuing-ed/Histology-Module-1.2.pdf




Merocrine- No cytoplasm lost, exocytosis
Apoocrine- Some cytoplasm lost, plasma membrane buds
Holocrine- Whole cell lost

See link below:
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/glands.html

Note** alveolar and acinar morphologies are the same.

And a demilune example:

Hair:

Sweat gland:

Know your compound glands!!

Epithelia and Glands

Epithelia slide # 1, 2, 45, 82, 61, 84, 97

Next Week's Glands slide # 11, 12, 69, 44, 45, 65

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelium

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htm

Students should start to get used to referring to tissue as either epithelial, connective (a weird category), muscle, or nervous.

With epithelia, know how to identify simple versus stratified or pseudo-stratified.  Also be able to identify squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cell types.

http://antranik.org/eight-types-of-epithelial-tissue/

Always identify epithelia based on the free surface (away from basement membrane).

Simple squamous epithelia under light microscopy are identified by a layer of flat nuclei:

Cell Adhesion (holding an epithelia, or other tissue types together)

Note* Gap Junction = Nexus

Key words:

Basal lamina is usually seen in electron microscopy.

Basememnt membrane is associated with light microscopy.

Both are the extracellular lining to which epithelial cells adhere, and from which epithelial tissues grow.  These terms are often used interchangeably, though they technically denote two different entities.  Remember the previous references to histological artifacts.**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual_reaction

Slide Set

Michelle Taylor      41
Rebecca Gerevics   10
Kelsey Njus            51
Matt Peloquin         61
Dakota Turner        58
Joe McCarthy         54
Tricia Robertson     201
Natalie Contastanos 53
Ashley Wilkinson   43
Mary Wade             23
Thomas Beatman     1
Guarav Amarburi    22
He Huang                6
Ted Bienias             ??
Elizabeth Brooke    105
Ashley Koenig        40

Blood

January 22, 2013

Slides (49)

Blood Smears (On sale at Einstein's)

The following links pertain to histological artifacts.  These are structures or colors that are seen under a microscope that have no correlation to the biological state of the tissue.  We can see something that looks like a vacuole that is just a hole.  We can see a free floating nuclei that is simply some granulated stain on the slide.  Be careful to note when and where artifacts may happen.  It is unlikely that anything we find will actually be alien or a new discovery:

http://www.ihcworld.com/royellis/artefacts/mainpage.htm

For the following link, scroll down to the artifacts section.  One of the best.
http://afs-fhs.org/continuing-ed/Histology-Module-1.2.pdf


Euchromatin vs. heterochromatin.

Blood Smear Guide  ***Note size of WBC relative to RBC, Color, and Nucleus!!***

Barr Bodies are condensed X chromosomes:

OR

Cell life cycle:

Pynknosis, Karyolysis, and Karyorrhexis:

Apoptosis:

Or:

Organelles, Inclusions, and Points of Interest

Hello,
   Class topics for January 17 2013 include the visible organelles and cellular inclusions (slides 20, 21, 30, 8, 90, 59, 70, 92).  The number and shape of all of these can be used for identification.


Golgi Apparatus:

http://www.ascb.org/bioeducate/images/FawcettTheCellPDFs/FawcettTheCellChapter6.pdf

Lysosomes:
http://bioeducate.ascb.org/images/FawcettTheCellPDFs/FawcettTheCellChapter8.pdf

Peroxisomes:
http://bioeducate.ascb.org/images/FawcettTheCellPDFs/FawcettTheCellChapter9.pdf

Mitochondria:
http://www.ascb.org/bioeducate/images/FawcettTheCellPDFs/FawcettTheCellChapter7.pdf

Nissl Bodies:

Basophilic is a technical term used by histologists. It describes the microscopic appearance ofcells and tissues, as seen down the microscope, after a histological section has been stained with a basic dye. The most common such dye is haematoxylin.

Basophilic describes the appearance of structures seen in histological sections which take up basic dyes. The structures usually stained are those that contain nucleic acid such as the cell nucleusand ribosomes.

An acidophile (or acidophil, or, as an adjectival form, acidophilic) describes is a term used by histologists to describe a particular staining pattern of cells and tissues when using haematoxylin and eosin stains. Specifically, the name refers to structures which "love" acid, and take it up readily.

It describes the microscopic appearance of cells and tissues, as seen down the microscope, after a histological section has been stained with an acidic dye. The most common such dye is eosin, which stains acidophilic organisms red and is the source of the related term eosinophilic.

Ovary:

PAS stain:
http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/pas.htm

Glycogen in liver:

Cilia:

Microvilli:

[edit]